Internal-combustion engine



Aug. 19 1924.

K-. J. E. HESSELMAN m'ranmn colaus'rzon ENGINE Iliad July 28, 1922 Patented Aug. 19, 1924.

mm JONAS HESELKAN,

'OF SALTSJO-S'IOBANGEH, swnnmv.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application filed July 28, 1928. Serial H0. 578,258.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, KNUT JONAS ELIAS HnssnLMAN, a citizen of the Kingdom of Sweden, residing at SaltSj- StoI-an 'en, 6 Sweden, have invented new and useful provements in Internal- Combustion Engines of which the following is a specification.

In internal combustion engines using direct injection of the fuel the said injection is effected as a rule by means of a pump driven by a cam or the like. In such engines the fuel injection will in the most cases take place at constant speed of the pump relatively to the speed of the engine, that is, during a constant period of-time at constant load. When fuel oilshaving difi'erent specific weights are used, an oil having a, lower specific weight will emit its quantity of heat more sldwly'thaii an oil 1 having a higher specific weight. Therefore,

it is desirable in such internal combustion engines to provide means for adjusting the in ection period according to the specific.

weight of the fuel oil as well as according to other qualities ofthe fuel oil that are of importance for the heat emission.

This invention has for its object to enable such an adjustment in a. simple way even in case the engine is running.

The invention is characterized. chiefly, by

the combination with a lever of adjustable length controlled b a cam disk, an eccentric or the like and, in turn, controlling the pump plunger, of means to open the suction valve or a by-pas valve between delivery and suction space of the pump after the plunger has completed part of its pres- G i surface 19 the lever 10 opens the suction sure stroke.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing which shows a part sectional elevation of one embodiment of the invention.

With reference to thedrawing. the nu-. meral 1 designates the plunger and the m1- meral 2 designates the casing of the fuel supplyingrpump of an internal combustion engine. e pump casing contains a suction valve 3 and a. delivery valve 4. The pump plunger is operated by a sliding block 5 and is restored by a spring 6. The sliding block 5 is operated from a cam 7 carried by the crank shaft 8. and the transmission of power from said cam to said block is effected by two levers 9 and 10. The lever 9 is mounted on a fixed pivot pin 11 and the roller 13 may be displaced in which is pivotally connected to the casing I 1. A lower arin of the said lever is connected to a sliding rod,18 to open the suction valve 3 by means of a cam surface 19 engaging the stem of said valve 3.

he construction above described is so designed that at the beginning of the injection the guide way formed on the lever 9 to be engaged by the block 14 is parallel to the surface of the lever '10 engaged by the roller 13. According as the block 14 with the roller .13 is displaced in the directlon away from or towards the pivot 11 of the lever 9 by turning of the screw 15 the operative'movement of the sliding block 5 as well as of the plunger 1 (that is the pressure stroke) will take place at a reduced or increased speed "The suction valve 3 is normally closed and the moment of beginof the injection will thus be contro led exclusively by the cam 7, inasmuch as the position of the roller 13 on the lever 9 is of no importance in this respect. The injection will consequently always begin in one and the same crank position.

By means of the rod 18 and the cam valve 3 during the delivery stroke after a predetermined movement of the sliding block 5, whether or not said movement takes place at a higher or lower speed. Accordmg as the plunger 1 is operated more or less-rapidly there will, of course. be obtained a more or less ra id injection of the fuel, that is. the injection will take place under 'amore or less high ressure. The quantity of fuel delivered. owever, will not be changed by this. as the opening of the suction valve and thus the operative length of the pressure stroke of the plunger 1 is fully independent of the osition of the roller 13 on the lever 9 and depends'only on the position of the plunger.

In order to yet enable an adjustment of instead of the suction valve.

the quantity of fuel injected, that is, of the load, the cam surface 19 ma be formed on a separate member 22 whic as shown, is adjustably connected to the rod 18, as by means of a sleeve 23 havin oppositely screw-threaded borings en age by the correspondingly screw-threa ed ends of the rods 18 and 22. The sleeve 23 may be rotated to change the relative position of the cam surface 19 b means of a hand lever 24. The rotation of the sleeve 23 may, if desired, be accomplished by the governor. The means for adjustigg the relative position of the cam surface 19 may be modified in various ways and, likewise, other arts of the construction constituting the o ject of this invention may be varied without departing from the principle of the invention. For instance, the lever 10 may be omitted and replaced by a rigid surface on the member 5 in which case a special link connection of the like should be provided between the member 5 or the plunger 1 and the means for opening the suction valve 3. The interruption of the operative pumpin stroke may also be effected by opening a bv-pass valve between the delivery and suction space The roller 13 may be replaced. for instance. by a crosshead slipper. Furthermore. the moment of beginning of the injection may be determined b the plunger 1 by the aid of means that wil close-the suction valve 3 in the proper position of the plunger. In such case there is no need for havin the 'guideway for the block 14 parallel with the contact surface of the lever 10 at the moment of beginning of the injection. In case the suction valve is controlled by the governor, and the above said uide-way on lever 9 and the contact sur ace of lever 10 are parallel to each other, the movement for controlling the suction valve may be derived from the cross piece of the plunger and may a be used for determining not only the beginning but also the termination of the injection without any change of the position of the governor.

What I claim is:

1. In an internal combustion engine having a fuel supply pump with its plunger, the combination of means comprising a lever system for operating said plunger, said means bein adjustable so as to permit variation of the relative speed of o eration of the plunger without materially a ect-ing the relative moment of beginning of the in 'ection,with means to 'cut off the injection a ter the piston has completed a predetermined part of its dischargestroke.

2. In an internal combustion engine having a. fuel supply pump with its lplunger, the provision of means for eontro ing the tion between sai fuel injection period, comprising in com bination a cam operated lever having a guide-way, an adjustable member on said lever engaging said guide-way, another member engaging the pump plunger, said other member having a contact surface to be engaged by said adjustable member, the arrangement being so designed that the said guide-way and the said contact surface will be parallel to each other at the beginning of the injection stroke, a valve between the delivery and suction space of the pump, means for openin said valve, and a connecother member and said opening means to cause said means to open the valve after the plunger has completed a predetermined portion of its pressure stroke.

3. In an internal combustion engine having a fuel supply pump with its plunger, the provision of means for controlling the fuel injection period, comprising in combination a cam operated lever having a guide-way, a sliding block on said lever e11- gaging said guide-way, a screw to displace said block in said guide-way, a roller mounted in said block, and adapted to operate the pump plunger, a valvebetween the delivery and suction space of the pump, and means to open said valve after the pump plunger has completed a predetermined portion of its pressure stroke.

4. In an internal combustion engine having a fuel supply pump with its plunger, the provision of means for controlling the fuel injection period, comprising in combination a valve between the delivery and suction space of the pump, a cam operated lever, adjustable operating means on said lever, a reciprocating member to be operated by said adjustable means and adapted to engage the pump plunger, another lever pivotally connected to said reciprocating member, and means controlled by said other lever to open said valve.

5. In an internal combustion engine having a fuel supply pump with its lunger. the provision of means for control ing the fuel injection period, com rising in combination a valve between t 1e delivery and suction space of the pump, a cam operated lever, adjustable operating means on said lever, a reciprocating member to be operated by said ad ustable means and adapted to engage the pump plunger, another lever pivotally connected to said; reciprocating member, and a rectilinearly movable, adjustable cam element controlled by said other lever to open said valve.

In testimony whereof I have signed mv name,

xrur JONAS was nrssruuu. 

